ftp://iclnet93.iclnet.org/pub/resources/text/rtg/rtg-evid/rtgevd04.txt ---------------------------------------------------------------- copyright 2026 by return to god P.O. box 159 Carnation, wa 98014 Contact: [email protected] ---------------------------------------------------------------- Ngu+o+`i di.ch: |Vietnamese Translator: Nguye^~n Tha`nh-Ta^m [email protected] |Tam thanh nguyen [email protected] 07/10/1996 03:30 |10/07/1996 03:30 | "Chu'ng-Ta Co' The^? tin No+i | "Can we trust Scripture?" (an Kinh-Tha'nh Cha(ng ?" (ba`i vie^'t trong | article from return to god to+` ba'o "Tro+? ve^` cu`ng DDu+'c Chu'a | Magazine, volume 1 number 2, page Tro+`i", Bo^. 1, So^' 2, trang 16). | 16). | SU+. DDO^.C-NHA^'T VO^ NHI. CU?A | BIBLE'S uniqueness points to god KINH-THA'NH SUY-DA^~N CHU'NG ta DDE^'N | DDU+'C CHU'A TRO+`I | | Ha~y tu+o+?ng-tu+o+.ng mo^.t quye^?n | imagine a book written by more than sa'ch do ho+n bo^'n-mu+o+i tru+o+'c-gia? | forty authors, each with different vie^'t, ma` mo^~i ngu+o+`i co' mo^.t | levels of education, social mu+'c-ddo^. ho.c-va^'n, ca^'p-ba^.c trong| position, and age. then imagine xa~-ho^.i, va` tuo^?i-ta'c kha'c nhau . | that these authors used three Ro^`i ha~y tu+o+?ng-tu+o+.ng ra(`ng | different languages to write this nhu+~ng tru+o+'c-gia? na`y du`ng ba | book. assume that at the time they ngo^n-ngu+~ kha'c nhau dde^? vie^'t | wrote it, some of them were in a quye^?n sa'ch na`y . Ha~y cho ra(`ng | situation of war, some were at mo^~i la^`n ma` ho. vie^'t, thi` co' | peace, some were imprisoned, some ngu+o+`i trong so^' ddo' nha(`m trong | were living in splendor, others in ca?nh chie^'n-tranh, mo^.t so^' thi` | poverty. in addition, imagine that trong tho+`i bi`nh, mo^.t so^' thi` | the authors of this book lived at trong ca?nh tu`-to^.i, mo^.t so^' thi` | different times during a 1,500 year trong ca?nh huy-hoa`ng tra'ng-le^., so^' | time span. what do you suppose the kha'c thi` trong ca?nh ba^`n-cu`ng. | result of this writing would be? The^m nu+~a, ha~y tu+o+?ng-tu+o+.ng la` | ca'c tru+o+'c-gia? cu?a quye^?n sa'ch | na`y dda~ so^'ng trong ca'c tho+`i-dda.i | kha'c nhau trong khoa?ng 1.500 na(m da`i | dda(ng-dda(?ng. Thi` ca'c ba.n se~ cho | la` ke^'t-qua? cu?a vie^.c tru+o+'c-ta'c | na`y se~ la` gi`? | | Va^ng, ke^'t-qua? la` Kinh-tha'nh, dda~ | the bible was written under these ddu+o+.c vie^'t trong nhu+~ng | conditions. its contents describe tru+o+`ng-ho+.p na`y . No^.i-dung cu?a | hundreds of controversial topics no' die^~n-ta? ha(`ng tra(m dda^`u-dde^` | and are of a variety of literary so^i-no^?i va` go^`m co' nhie^`u ca'ch | types, yet there is a unity in the vie^'t va(n kha'c nhau, tuy-nhie^n, no' | writing that binds it together: the co' mo^.t su+. hie^.p-nha^'t trong | theme of God's redemption of man. vie^.c vie^'t-la'ch dde^? ga('n-bo' | the bible is philosophically cha('c va`o trong vo+'i nhau: | consistent. the conditions of its chu?-dde^` la` su+. cu+'u-chuo^.c cu?a | writing and the resulting unity of DDu+'c Chu'a Tro+`i cho loa`i ngu+o+`i . | the text speak of a supernatural Trie^'t-ly' cu?a Kinh-Tha'nh luo^n giu+~ | direction, the holy Spirit, theo mo^.t ma^~u mu+.c. Ca'c | directing chosen men who authored hoa`n-ca?nh trong vie^.c tru+o+'c-ta'c | the Bible. all scripture is va` ca'i ke^'t-qua? hie^.p-nha^'t cu?a | god-breathed and is useful for ba?n va(n no'i le^n ca'i chie^`u | teaching, rebuking, correcting and hu+o+'ng sie^u-nhie^n, tu+'c DDu+'c | training in righteousness, so that Tha'nh-Linh, hu+o+'ng-da^~n nhu+~ng | the man of god may be thoroughly ngu+o+`i vie^'t Kinh-Tha'nh. "Ca? | equipped for every good work. -- 2 Kinh-tha'nh dde^`u la` bo+?i DDu+'c | timothy 3:16. Chu'a Tro+`i soi-da^~n, co' i'ch cho | su+. da.y-do^~, be?-tra'ch, su+?a-tri., | da.y ngu+o+`i trong su+. co^ng-bi`nh, | ha^`u cho ngu+o+`i thuo^.c ve^` DDu+'c | Chu'a Tro+`i ddu+o+.c tro.n-ve.n va` | sa('m-sa(~n dde^? la`m mo.i vie^.c | la`nh." (Ti-mo^-the^ thu+' nha^'t, | ddoa.n 3, ca^u 16-17). | | Kinh-Tha'nh cu~ng ddo^.c-nha^'t vo^ nhi. | the bible is also unique in its ve^` phi'a no^.i-dung nu+~a . | content. the Bible's perspective of Quan-ddie^?m cu?a Kinh-Tha'nh ve^` | the universe, man's existence and vu~-tru., ve^` su+. hie^.n-hu+~u cu?a | man's origin is described from an con ngu+o+`i va` ve^` go^'c-ti'ch cu?a | external observation point outside con ngu+o+`i dda~ ddu+o+.c mo^-ta? tu+` | of the created dimension, which is mo^.t ddie^?m quan-sa't o+? ngoa`i ca'i | unique in religious works. john ta^`m-thu+o+'c ddu+o+.c ta.o-du+.ng, va` | 1:3, colossians 1:16-17 and hebrews la` ddo^.c-nha^'t vo^ nhi. trong | 7:3 speak of god being above time la~nh-vu+.c to^n-gia'o . Gia(ng, ddoa.n | and space. job 26:7 speaks of god 1, ca^u ba, Co^-lo^-se, ddoa.n 1, ca^u | suspending the earth in space: "he 16-17 va` He^-bo+-ro+, ddoa.n 7, ca^u 3 | suspends the earth over nothing", no'i ra(`ng DDu+'c Chu'a Tro+`i | something that until modern times tro^?i-vu+o+.t qua' tho+`i-gian va` | required an external viewpoint to kho^ng-gian. Gio'p ddoa.n 26, ca^u 7 | comprehend. the bible alone among "Chu'a... treo tra'i dda^'t trong khoa?ng| religious works clearly states that kho^ng-kho^ng." la` mo^.t dde^`u ma` | time had a beginning. in genesis tho+`i-dda.i ta^n-tie^'n pha?i co' mo^.t | 1:1 "In the beginning god created quan-ddie^?m tu+` ngoa`i nhi`n va`o, | the heavens and the earth." thi` mo+'i co' the^? hie^?u-bie^'t | ddu+o+.c. Chi? co' mo^.t mi`nh | Kinh-Tha'nh, trong ca'c ta'c-pha^?m | to^n-gia'o, mo+'i tuye^n-bo^' mo^.t | ca'ch ro~-ra`ng la` tho+`i-gian co' | mo^.t ddie^?m kho+?i dda^`u . trong | Sa'ng-the^' Ky', ddoa.n 1, ca^u 1 "Ban | dda^`u DDu+'c Chu'a Tro+`i du+.ng ne^n | tro+`i dda^'t." | | Ca'c lo+`i tie^n-tri mo^-ta? trong | prophecies described in the bible Kinh-Tha'nh dda~ ddu+o+.c u+'ng-nghie^.m | were accurately fulfilled centuries va`o ha(`ng the^'-ky? sau ddo'. Kho^ng | later. no other religious writings co' va(n-pha^?m to^n-gia'o na`o kha'c | have such accuracy of prophecy la.i co' the^? co' su+. u+'ng-nghie^.m | fulfilled. scientific facts in the cu?a ca'c lo+`i tie^n-tri mo^.t ca'ch | bible are accurate far beyond human qua' chi'nh-xa'c. Ca'c du+~-kie^.n | knowledge of science at the time khoa-ho.c trong Kinh-Tha'nh chi'nh-xa'c | they were written. scientific facts qua' mu+'c kie^'n-thu+'c khoa-ho.c cu?a | in other religious writings are no nhu+~ng tho+`i vie^'t ba^'y-gio+`. Ca'c | where near as accurate. the bible du+~-kie^.n khoa-ho.c trong ca'c | is historically accurate as well. va(n-pha^?m to^n-gia'o kha'c thi` kho^ng | archaeological discoveries sao co' the^? chi'nh-xa'c dde^'n | substantiate bible accounts. ddu+o+.c nhu+ va^.y . Kinh-Tha'nh cu~ng | chi'nh-xa'c trong la~nh-vu+.c li.ch-su+? | nu+~a . Nhu+~ng kha'm-pha' dda`o-xo+'i | kha?o-co^?-ho.c chu+'ng-minh nhu+~ng | su+. vie^.c trong Kinh-Tha'nh. | | SU+. U+'NG-NGHIE^.M CA'C LO+`I TIE^N-TRI | unmatched fulfillment of prophecies MA` KHO^NG ai SA'NH DDU+O+.C | | Kinh-Tha'nh ddu+'ng rie^ng bie^.t trong | the bible stands alone among ca'c va(n-pha^?m. Ca'c lo+`i tie^n-tri | literature. prophecies written vie^'t ca? ha(`ng tra(m na(m tru+o+'c | hundreds of years before an event mo^.t su+.-vie^.c dda~ tha`nh-tu+.u | have been fulfilled with 100% vo+'i su+. chi'nh-xa'c 100%. Co' | accuracy. there are approximately khoa?ng chu+`ng 2500 lo+`i tie^n-tri | 2500 prophecies in the Bible, 2000 trong Kinh-Tha'nh, ma` 2000 dda~ | of which already have been tha`nh-tu+.u hoa`n-toa`n--co`n 500 nu+~a | completely fulfilled -- the thi` no'i dde^'n nhu+~ng su+.-vie^.c | remaining 500 speak of future trong tu+o+ng-lai . | events. | Ca'i su+. nga^~u-nhie^n cho ba^'t cu+' | the chance of any one man mo^.t ngu+o+`i na`o u+'ng-nghie^.m | fulfilling just eight prophecies ddu+o+.c cho chi? co' ta'm lo+`i | has been calculated by peter W. tie^n-tri dda~ ddu+o+.c peter W. stoner | stoner in science speaks at 1 in tu+` science speaks la`: 1 pha^`n | 100,000,000,000,000,000 -- yet 60 100.000.000.000.000.000 -- a^'y the^' | major old testament prophecies, ma` 60 lo+`i tie^n-tri tro.ng-lo+'n | having 270 ramifications were trong Cu+.u-U+o+'c, co' 270 ha^.u-qua? | fulfilled by the life of Jesus. an thu+'-ye^'u, dda~ tha`nh-tu+.u ddu+o+.c | example of the precisely fulfilled trong cuo^.c ddo+`i cu?a Chu'a Gie^-xu . | prophecies include Mo^.t vi'-du. ve^` su+. u+'ng-nghie^.m | mo^.t ca'ch chi'nh-xa'c cu?a ca'c lo+`i | tie^n-tri go^`m co': | | - no+i sinh-ra cu?a Nga`i, tu+'c | . the place of his Be^'t-le^-hem (tie^n-tri trong Mi-che^, | birth, bethlehem (prophesied in ddoa.n 5, ca^u 1, ddu+o+.c tha`nh-tu+.u | micah 5:2, fulfilled in luke trong Lu-ca, ddoa.n 2, ca^u 4-7) | 2:4-7); | - ra(`ng Nga`i se~ ddu+o+.c sinh ra | . that he would be born of a bo+?i mo^.t ddo^`ng-trinh (tie^n-tri | virgin (prophesied in isaiah 7:14, trong E^-sai, ddoa.n 7, ca^u 14, | fulfilled in luke 1:26-31); u+'ng-nghie^.m trong Lu-ca, ddoa.n 1, | ca^u 26-31;) | | - ra(`ng Nga`i se~ bi. ngu+o+`i Do-tha'i | . that he would be despised and khinh-mie^.t va` cho^'i-bo? (tie^n-tri | rejected by jews (prophesied in trong E^-sai, ddoa.n 53, ca^u 3, | isaiah 53:3, fulfilled in u+'ng-nghie^.m trong Gia(ng, ddoa.n 1, | in john 1:11, luke 23:18); ca^u 11, Lu-ca, ddoa.n 23, ca^u 18; | | - ra(`ng Nga`i se~ bi. mo^.t ngu+o+`i | . that he would be betrayed ba.n (Giu-dda) pha?n-bo^.i, dda'nh- | by a friend (Judas) for thirty ddo^?i la^'y ba mu+o+i mie^'ng ba.c, | pieces of silver cast on the floor vu+'t xuo^'ng sa`n DDe^`n-tho+` va` | of the temple and used to buy a du`ng dde^? mua mo^.t mie^'ng dda^'t | potter's field (prophesied in cu?a tho+. go^'m (tie^n-tri trong | zechariah 11:11-13, fulfilled in Xa-cha-ri, ddoa.n 11, ca^u 11-13 , | matthew 27:3-10). ddu+o+.c u+'ng-nghie^.m trong Ma-thi-o+, | ddoa.n 27, ca^u 3-10). | | Ca'c lo+`i tie^n-tri ddu+o+.c | matthew 27:3-10). fulfilled u+'ng-nghie^.m tie^'p dde^'n cho to+'i | prophecy extends to the present day nga`y ho^m nay -- ha~y nhi`n dde^'n | -- consider the people of Israel. ngu+o+`i Do-tha'i . trong Sa'ng-the^' | in genesis 12:2,3 and 13:13-15, god Ky', ddoa.n 12, ca^u 2-3 va` ddoa.n 13, | promised abraham a great nation, a ca^u 13-15, DDu+'c Chu'a Tro+`i dda~ | great name and a land that will hu+'a vo+'i A'p-ra-ham mo^.t nu+o+'c | belong to his descendants forever vi~-dda.i, mo^.t ca'i te^n vi~-dda.i va` | and through Abraham, that all mo^.t la~nh-tho^? da`nh cho do`ng-do~i | families of the earth will be cu?a o^ng ma~i-ma~i, va` bo+?i | blessed. at the time, abraham was A'p-ra-ham ma` nhie^`u gia-ddi`nh tre^n | 75 years old and his wife was dda^'t se~ ddu+o+.c phu+o+'c. Va`o lu'c | barren. the prophecy was fulfilled ddo', A'p-ra-ham dda~ 75 tuo^?i va` vo+. | when abraham was 90 years old ngu+o+`i ddang hie^'m-muo^.n. Lo+`i | (Genesis 21:2) when his wife sarah tie^n-tri dda~ ddu+o+.c u+'ng-nghie^.m | miraculously bore him a son. over khi A'p-ra-ham ddu+o+.c 90 tuo^?i | the next several hundred years, the (Sa'ng-the^' Ky', ddoa.n 21, ca^u 2), | nation promised to abraham appeared thi` vo+. la` sa-ra dda~ sinh cho o^ng | (Exodus 1:7). mo^.t ddu+'a con trai mo^.t ca'ch | ky`-die^.u . trong va`i tra(m na(m | nu+~a, nu+o+'c ma` A'p-ra-ham dda~ | ddu+o+.c hu+'a cho dda~ tha`nh-hi`nh | (Xua^'t E^-di'p-to^ Ky', ddoa.n 1, ca^u | 7). | | sau ddo', qua Mo^i-se (Phu.c-truye^`n | Later, through moses (Deut. 28-33), Lua^.t-le^. Ky', ddoa.n 28-33), DDu+'c | god warned israel that he will use Chu'a Tro+`i dda~ ca?nh-ca'o da^n | other nations to remove them from Y-so+-ra-e^n ra(`ng Nga`i se~ du`ng ca'c | their land if they are unfaithful nu+o+'c kha'c dde^? trua^'t-phe^' ho. ra | to Him. he predicted that they kho?i la~nh-tho^? cu?a ho. ne^'u ho. | would eventually be scattered ba^'t trung vo+'i Nga`i . Nga`i no'i | across the whole earth and would tru+o+'c ra(`ng, ro^`i ho. se~ bi. | find no rest. he also promised to ra?i-ra'c ra kha('p ma(.t dda^'t va` se~ | bring them back to their land. cha(?ng ti`m tha^'y su+. an-nghi?. | israel was unfaithful. king Nga`i cu~ng hu+'a se~ ddem ho. tro+? | nebuchadnezzar took people captive ve^` la~nh-tho^? cu?a ho.. Y-so+-ra-e^n | to Babylon, then burned the city dda~ ba^'t-trung. vua | and the Temple. god then allowed Ne^-bu-ca't-ne^'t-sa dda~ ba('t da^n | the israelites to return to the su+. la`m phu-tu` dda`y-a?i o+? | land (Ezra 1). Later, in ad 70, Ba-by-lo^n, ro^`i ddo^'t tha`nh-pho^' | titus the roman also destroyed the va` DDe^`n-tho+`. DDu+'c Chu'a Tro+`i | city of Jerusalem, scattering the ro^`i cho phe'p da^n Y-so+-ra-e^n tro+? | people. in ad 1948, israel became a ve^` la~nh-tho^? cu?a ho. (E-xo+-ra | nation and the people began to ddoa.n 1). sau ddo', va`o na(m 70 | return to their homeland. they have Ta^y-li.ch, Ti't, tu+'c DDe^'-vu+o+ng | since survived several conflicts. La-ma~ cu~ng hu?y-die^.t tha`nh | we think of the united states as Gie^-ru-sa-lem, la`m ta'n-loa.n da^n-cu+ | having a long history, yet it has . Va`o na(m 1948 ta^y li.ch, | been in existence for only 200 Y-so+-ra-e^n dda~ tro+? tha`nh mo^.t | years. israel has been a people for nu+o+'c va` da^n chu'ng dda~ ba('t | more than 4,000 years. dda^`u tro+? ve^` que^ nha`. Tu+` ddo' | dde^'n nay, ho. dda~ so^'ng qua ddu+o+.c | va`i cuo^.c xung-ddo^.t. Chu'ng ta | tu+o+?ng la` Hie^.p-chu?ng Quo^'c co' | mo^.t li.ch-su+? la^u da`i, tuy-nhie^n, | no' chi? mo+'i co' 200 na(m ma` tho^i . | Y-so+-ra-e^n dda~ la` mo^.t da^n to^.c | cho ho+n ca? 4.000 na(m. | | Phi-e-ro+ thu+' 2, ddoa.n 1, ca^u 20-21 | 2 peter 1:20-21 describes how bible die^~n-ta? la` la`m sao ma` lo+`i | prophecy can be so accurate: tie^n-tri Kinh-Tha'nh la.i qua' | "Above all, you must understand chi'nh-xa'c: | that no prophecy of scripture came "Tru+o+'c he^'t, pha?i bie^'t ro~ ra(`ng | about by the prophet's own cha(?ng co' lo+`i tie^n-tri na`o trong | interpretation. for prophecy never Kinh-tha'nh la^'y y' rie^ng gia?i nghi~a | had its origin in the will of man, ddu+o+.c. Vi` cha(?ng he^` co' lo+`i | but men spoke from god as they were tie^n-tri na`o la` bo+?i y' mo^.t | carried along by the holy Spirit." ngu+o+`i na`o ma` ra, nhu+ng a^'y la` | bo+?i DDu+'c Tha'nh-Linh ca?m-ddo^.ng | ma` ngu+o+`i ta dda~ no'i bo+?i DDu+'c | Chu'a Tro+`i ." | | La`m mo^.t nha` tie^n-tri ngu+o+`i | being a hebrew prophet in ancient Hy-ba'-lai trong tho+`i co^? xu+a la` | times was a serious and unenviable mo^.t vie^.c ra^'t nghie^m-tro.ng va` | position. the prophet was la` mo^.t chu+'c-tu+o+'c kho^ng ai | purporting to speak for god and the muo^'n la`m ddu+o+.c. Mu.c-ddi'ch cu?a | penalty for any error was death. nha` tie^n-tri la` dde^? no'i cho DDu+'c | "But a prophet who presumes to Chu'a Tro+`i; va` su+. tru+`ng-pha.t cho | speak in my name anything i have ba^'t cu+' lo^~i-la^`m na`o la` ca'i | not commanded him to say, or a che^'t. "Co`n ke? tie^n-tri co' lo`ng | prophet who speaks in the name of kie^u-nga.o, nho+n danh ta no'i dde^`u | other gods, must be put to death." chi ta kho^ng bie^?u ngu+o+`i no'i, hay | -- Deut. 18:20. prophets had to be la` nho+n danh ca'c tha^`n kha'c ma` | 100% accurate. deuteronomy 18:21-22 no'i, thi` ke? tie^n-tri a^'y pha?i | gives a test to determine whether che^'t." -- Phu.c-truye^`n Lua^.t-le^. | the prophet is speaking for God: Ky', ddoa.n 18, ca^u 20. Ca'c nha` | "You may say to yourselves, "How tie^n-tri pha?i 100% chi'nh-xa'c thi` | can we know when a message has not mo+'i ddu+o+.c. Phu.c-truye^`n | been spoken by the LORD?" if what a Lua^.t-le^. Ky', ddoa.n 18, ca^u 21-22 | prophet proclaims in the name of cho mo^.t su+. thu+?-nghie^.m dde^? xem | the lord does not take place or coi nha` tie^n-tri co' pha?i no'i cho | come true, that is a message the DDu+'c Chu'a Tro+`i kho^ng: "Ne^'u | lord has not spoken. that prophet ngu+o+i no'i trong lo`ng ra(`ng: La`m | has spoken presumptuously." sao chu'ng ta nhi`n bie^'t ddu+o+.c | lo+`i na`o la` lo+`i DDu+'c Gie^-ho^-va | kho^ng co' pha'n? khi ke? tie^n-tri | nho+n danh DDu+'c Gie^-ho^-va no'i, vi' | ba(`ng lo+`i ngu+o+`i no'i kho^ng xa?y | dde^'n va` kho^ng u+'ng-nghie^.m, a^'y | la` lo+`i ma` DDu+'c Gie^-ho^-va cha(?ng | co' pha'n. Ke? tie^n-tri ddo' bo+?i | su+. kie^u-nga.o ma` no'i ra: cho+' | so+. ngu+o+`i ." | | Ba?n 1 chi? minh-ho.a mo^.t va`i dde^`u | table 1 illustrates just a few tie^n-tri dda~ u+'ng-nghie^.m va` su+. | fulfilled prophecies whose precise tha`nh-tu+.u mo^.t ca'ch chi'nh-xa'c | fulfillment attests to the bible as chu+'ng-thu+.c quye^?n Kinh-Tha'nh la` | the accurate word of God. Lo+`i chi'nh-xa'c cu?a DDu+'c Chu'a | Tro+`i. | | BA?N TO'M-TA('T 1 -- VA`I DDE^`U trong | summary of table 1 - some of the 2000 TIE^N-TRI trong KINH-THA'NH | 2000 fulfilled bible prophecies DDU+O+.C U+'NG-NGHIE^.M | | (sau dda^y la` ba?n to'm-ta('t 1; kho^ng | (the following is a summary of go^`m co' hi`nh o+? dda^y): | table 1; graphic not included | here): Lo+`i tie^n-tri trong E^-sai, ddoa.n 44, | isaiah 44:28,45:1, 700 bc prophecy: ca^u 28, ddoa.n 45, ca^u 1, va`o 700 | cyrus is the king who will give the Tru+o+'c Chu'a: si-ru la` vi. vua se~ | command to rebuild the temple. when ra le^.nh dde^? xa^y la.i dde^`n-tho+`. | this prophecy was made jerusalem khi lo+`i tie^n-tri ddu+o+.c no'i le^n | was fully built and the temple was thi` Gie^-ru-sa-lem dda~ ddu+o+.c | standing. in 586 bc the temple and xa^y-ca^'t hoa`n-toa`n va` dde^`n-tho+` | city were destroyed by Babylon. thi` va^~n ddu+'ng so+`-so+`. Nhu+ng | prophecy fulfilled 538-540 BC: va`o na(m 586 Tru+o+'c Chu'a, thi` | after jerusalem was taken by the dde^`n-tho+` va` tha`nh-pho^' bi. | Babylonians, it was conquered by Ba-by-lo^n hu?y-die^.t. Lo+`i tie^n-tri | the persians in 539 BC. shortly dda~ ddu+o+.c u+'ng-nghie^.m va`o | after, a persian king cyrus gave 538-540 Tru+o+'c Chu'a: sau khi | the decree to rebuild the temple. Gie^-ru-sa-lem bi. Ba-by-lo^n chie^'m | ddo'ng, thi` no' la.i bi. ngu+o+`i | Ba-tu+ chinh-phu.c va`o na(m 539 | Tru+o+'c Chu'a . sau ddo' i't la^u, | thi` mo^.t vi. vua Ba-tu+ te^n si-ru | dda~ ra chie^'u-chi? dde^? xa^y la.i | dde^`n-tho+`. | | Lo+`i tie^n-tri trong DDa-ni-e^n, ddoa.n | daniel 2,7, c.605-530 bc prophecy: 2, 7, va`o na(m 605-530 Tru+o+'c Chu'a: | daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar's DDa-ni-e^n gia?i mo^.ng cu?a | dream to mean that four kingdoms Ne^-bu-ca't-ne^'t-sa ra(`ng se~ co' | were to be on the earth. Also, bo^'n vu+o+ng quo^'c tre^n dda^'t. | daniel dreams of four beasts (four DDa-ni-e^n cu~ng mo^.ng tha^'y bo^'n con | kingdoms) which will come upon the thu' (bo^'n vu+o+ng quo^'c) se~ dde^'n | earth (c. 1000 BC). when this tre^n dda^'t (na(m 1000 Tru+o+'c Chu'a). | prophecy was made, the babylonian khi lo+`i tie^n-tri na`y ddu+o+.c no'i | kingdom (the first kingdom in the ra, thi` vu+o+ng quo^'c Ba-by-lo^n | dreams) was in existence. prophecy (vu+o+ng quo^'c dda^`u trong mo^.ng) | was fulfilled as the four kingdoms dda~ co' ro^`i . Lo+`i tie^n-tri dda~ | appeared as prophesied: 626 bc - ddu+o+.c u+'ng-nghie^.m khi bo^'n | Babylonian; 539 bc - Medo-Persia, vu+o+ng quo^'c tha`nh-hi`nh nhu+ dda~ | 330 bc - Greece, 63 bc - Rome. tie^n-tri: na(m 626 Tru+o+'c Chu'a -- | Ba-by-lo^n; na(m 539 Tru+o+'c Chu'a -- | Me^-ddo^-Ba-tu+, na(m 330 Tru+o+'c Chu'a | -- Hy-la.p, na(m 63 Tru+o+'c Chu'a -- | La-ma~. | | Lo+`i tie^n-tri trong DDa-ni-e^n, ddoa.n | daniel 9:24-27 530 bc prophecy: at 9, ca^u 24-27, na(m 530 Tru+o+'c Chu'a: | the end of 69 weeks (69 7-year Va`o cuo^'i 69 tua^`n (giai-ddoa.n 69 | periods) after the decreed to la^`n nha^n cho 7-na(m) sau ca'i | restore and rebuild Jerusalem, the chie^'u-chi? dde^? tru`ng-tu va` xa^y | messiah will come to Jerusalem. la.i Gie^-ru-sa-lem, thi` DDa^'ng Me^-si | when the prophecy was made, the se~ dde^'n Gie^-ru-sa-lem. khi lo+`i | temple had been destroyed in 586 tie^n-tri ddu+o+.c pha'n, thi` | BC. prophecy was fulfilled as dde^`n-tho+` dda~ bi. hu?y-die^.t trong | follows: nisan 1, 44 bc - in na(m 586 Tru+o+'c Chu'a . Lo+`i | nehemiah 2, nehemiah asks the king tie^n-tri dda~ ddu+o+.c u+'ng-nghie^.m | for an order to rebuild Jerusalem, nhu+ sau: Vo^'n la` va`o nga`y 1, | which the king gives (this started tha'ng Ni-san, na(m 44 Tru+o+'c Chu'a -- | the 69 7-year count). on nisan 10, trong sa'ch Ne^-he^-mi, ddoa.n 2, | ad 33 jesus entered into jerusalem Ne^-he^-mi xin vua mo^.t chi?-thi. dde^? | exactly as prophesied, 483 years xa^y la.i Gie^-ru-sa-lem, va` nha` vua | (173880 days) later. to calculate dda~ cho phe'p (dda^y thi` ba('t dda^`u | this, remember that the hebrew dde^'m khoa?ng 69 la^`n nha^n cho | calendar has 360-day years. 444 7-na(m). Ro^`i va`o nga`y10, tha'ng | BC+33 ad="477-1=476" solar years (1 Ni-san, na(m 33 sau Chu'a, thi` Chu'a | bc to 1 ad is 1 year, not 2). 476 Gie^-xu dda~ va`o tha`nh Gie^-ru-sa-lem, | 365.24219879=173855 (from nisan 1 y nhu+ lo+`i dda~ tie^n-tri, 483 na(m | (March 5) 444 bc to march 5 33 AD) (173880 nga`y) sau . Muo^'n ti'nh so^' | 173880 days - 173855 days="25" day na`y, xin nho+' ra(`ng li.ch Hy-ba'-lai | needed to make 483 years. march 5 co' 360 nga`y mo^~i na(m. Na(m 444 | 33 ad + 25 days="March" 30 33 ad Tru+o+'c Chu'a + na(m 33 sau Chu'a = 477 | (which was nisan 10 33 AD) - 1 = 476 na(m du+o+ng li.ch (na(m 1 | Tru+o+'c Chu'a to+'i na(m 1 sau Chu'a | ba(`ng 1 na(m, chu+' kho^ng pha?i 2). | 476 x 365,24219879 = 173855 (tu+` nga`y | 1, tha'ng ni-san (nga`y 5 tha'ng 3) na(m | 444 Tru+o+'c Chu'a dde^'n nga`y 5 tha'ng | 3 sau Chu'a). 173880 - 173855 nga`y = | 25 nga`y ca^`n co' dde^? tha`nh 483 | na(m. Nga`y 5, tha'ng 3, na(m 33 sau | Chu'a + 25 nga`y = nga`y 30, tha'ng 3, | na(m 33 sau Chu'a (tu+'c nga`y 10, | tha'ng Nisan, na(m 33 sau Chu'a). | | Lo+`i tie^n-tri trong Xa-cha-ri, ddoa.n | zechariah 11:12-13 c. 500 bc 11, ca^u 12-13, na(m 500 Tru+o+'c Chu'a: | prophecy: the messiah would be DDa^'ng Me^-si se~ bi. pha?n-bo^.i | betrayed for the price of a slave dda'nh-ddo^?i cho gia' tie^`n mua mo^.t | (30 pieces of silver) and this ngu+o+`i ha^`u (30 mie^'ng ba.c) va` | money would be used to buy a burial mo'n tie^`n na`y se~ ddu+o+.c du`ng | ground for poor foreigners. this dde^? la`m cho^~ cho^n-ca^'t cho nhu+~ng | prophecy was made five centuries da^n ngoa.i-quo^'c nghe`o-na`n. Lo+`i | before the messiah was born. tie^n-tri dda~ ddu+o+.c tuye^n-bo^' na(m | prophecy fulfilled in ad 33: the^'-ky? tru+o+'c khi DDa^'ng Me^-si | matthew 27:3-10 (and also secular ddu+o+.c sinh ra . Lo+`i tie^n-tri | historians). thirty pieces of ddu+o+.c tha`nh-tu+.u va`o na(m 33 sau | silver were paid to judas iscariot Chu'a: Ma-thi-o+, ddoa.n 27, ca^u 3-10 | for betraying jesus and the money (va` cu~ng tu+` nhu+~ng nha` su+? ho.c | went to purchase a "potter's field" tra^`n-tu.c). ba mu+o+i mie^'ng ba.c | for the burial of poor foreigners. dda~ ddu+o+.c tra? cho giu-dda | I'ch-ca-ri-o^'t cho vie^.c pha?n-bo^.i | Chu'a Gie^-xu va` so^' tie^`n ddo' dda~ | ddu+o+.c du`ng dde^? mua mo^.t thu+?a | "ruo^.ng cu?a ke? la`m ddo^` go^'m" | dde^? cho^n ca^'t nhu+~ng ngu+o+`i | ngoa.i-quo^'c nghe`o-kho'. | | Lo+`i tie^n-tri trong Thi-thie^n, ddoa.n | psalm 22, 34:20 c. 300 bc prophecy: 22, ddoa.n 34, ca^u 20, na(m 300 | crucifixion method of death Tru+o+'c Chu'a: Phu+o+ng-pha'p la` | described, lots to be cast for his ddo'ng ddinh tre^n ca^y tha^.p-tu+. cho | clothing. when this prophecy was ca'i che^'t ddu+o+.c mo^-ta?, | made, the crucifixion death method ba('t-tha(m a'o-xo^'ng Nga`i . khi | was unknown (it was invented by the lo+`i tie^n-tri na`y ddu+o+.c | Romans). prophecy fulfilled in ad tuye^n-bo^', phu+o+ng-pha'p xu+? che^'t | 33: matthew 27:32 jesus was ba(`ng ca^y tha^.p-tu+. chu+a he^` nghe | crucified in the manner described dde^'n bie^'t ddu+o+.c (vi` no' ddu+o+.c | in psalm 22, lots were cast for his qua^n La-ma~ sa'ng-che^' ra). Lo+`i | clothing. tie^n-tri dda~ ddu+o+.c u+'ng-nghie^.m | va`o na(m 33 sau Chu'a: Ma-thi-o+, | ddoa.n 27, ca^u 32 cho tha^'y Chu'a | Gie^-xu bi. ddo'ng ddinh tre^n ca^y | tha^.p-tu+. cu`ng mo^.t ca'ch ma` dda~ | die^~n-ta? trong Thi-thie^n, ddoa.n 22, | y-phu.c Nga`i dda~ bi. ru't-tha(m. | | Lo+`i tie^n-tri trong Lu-ca, ddoa.n 19, | luke 19:43,44 ad 33 prophecy: jesus ca^u 43, na(m 33 sau Chu'a: Chu'a | prophesies the destruction of Gie^-xu tie^n-tri ve^` su+. ta`n-pha' | jerusalem and the temple (not one cu?a Gie^-ru-sa-lem va` dde^`n-tho+` | stone upon another left). when this (kho^ng co`n co' ho`n dda' na`y cha^'t | prophecy was made, the temple was tre^n ho`n dda' kia). khi lo+`i | standing. prophecy fulfilled in ad tie^n-tri na`y ddu+o+.c tuye^n-bo^', | 70: romans destroyed jerusalem and thi` dde^`n-tho+` va^~n ddu+'ng | the temple; nothing was left but so+`-so+`. Lo+`i tie^n-tri dda~ | the foundation. ddu+o+.c u+'ng-nghie^.m va` na(m 70 sau | Chu'a: qua^n La-ma~ dda~ hu?y-die^.t | Gie^-ru-sa-lem va` dde^`n-tho+`; cha(?ng | co`n gi` so't la.i ngoa.i tru+` ca'i | ne^`n nha`. | | | xin xem tho+ tie^'p |next mail please | SU+. CHI'NH-XA'C KHOA-HO.C KHO^NG THE^? | scientific accuracy unequaled in SA'NH DDU+O+.C trong NHU+~NG VA(N-PHA^?M | ancient writings CO^?-XU+A | | Kinh-Tha'nh, du` kho^ng co' chi-tie^'t | the Bible, although not detailed in trong su+. gia?i-thi'ch khoa-ho.c, | its scientific explanations, is in nhu+ng la.i phu`-ho+.p vo+'i nhu+~ng gi` | agreement with what we know today chu'ng ta nha^.n-bie^'t nga`y nay ve^` | about life and our universe. it is su+. so^'ng va` vu~-tru. cu?a chu'ng ta .| far more accurate than any other Kinh-Tha'nh la.i qua' chi'nh-xa'c | ancient books and even many recent ho+n ba^'t cu+' mo^.t quye^?n sa'ch co^? | ones. for example, hindu sacred xu+a na`o va` ngay ca? ba^'t cu+' | writings say the following about nhie^`u quye^?n sa'ch mo+'i dda^y . | creation: Vi'-du., va(n-pha^?m tha'nh dda.o | hin-ddu no'i ve^` su+. sa'ng-ta.o nhu+ | sau: | | - ma(.t tra(ng cao ho+n ma(.t tro+`i | - the moon is 50,000 leagues 50.000 ly' va` soi sa'ng ba(`ng chi'nh | higher than the sun and shines by a'nh-sa'ng cu?a no'. | its own light | - ma(.t dda^'t thi` pha(?ng, hi`nh | - the earth is flat, triangular, tam-gia'c, go^`m co' ba?y lo+'p (go^`m | composed of seven layers (including ma^.t, ddu+o+`ng, bo+, ru+o+.u nho) va` | honey, sugar, butter, wine) and is ddu+o+.c cho^'ng le^n bo+?i ca'c con | held up by elephants, whose voi, ma` khi va^'p thi` ga^y ra ddo^.ng | stumbling produces earthquakes. dda^'t. | | Ngu+o+.c la.i, thi` Kinh-Tha'nh la.i | in contrast, the bible is so qua' chi'nh-xa'c dde^'n ddo^~i ma` Bo^. | accurate that the science research Nghie^n-Cu+'u Khoa-Ho.c dda~ ra | bureau has for years publicly gia?i-thu+o+?ng cho ba^'t cu+' ai co' | offered a reward to any person who the^? chu+'ng-minh ddu+o+.c lo^~i | can prove the existence of a vu.ng-ve^` trong la~nh-vu+.c khoa-ho.c | scientific blunder in the Bible. trong Kinh-Tha'nh. Gia?i-thu+o+?ng na`y | the offer was made in 27 countries dda~ ddu+o+.c treo cho 27 nu+o+'c va` | and still remains uncollected. va^~n chu+a co' ai la~nh ddu+o+.c ca?. | | Tu+` ho^`i tru+o+'c, la^u-la('m, | long before the time of Jesus, the tru+o+'c ho^`i co' Chu'a Gie^-xu, thi` | bible reported that the earth was Kinh-Tha'nh dda~ tu+o+`ng-thua^.t ra(`ng | round and was suspended in space. ma(.t dda^'t co' hi`nh tro`n va` bi. | it accurately described the second lo+-lu+?ng trong kho^ng-gian. | law of thermodynamics (c. 1000 BC) Kinh-Tha'nh dda~ mo^-ta? mo^.t ca'ch | in psalms 102:26 "They[the earth chi'nh-xa'c lua^.t thu+' hai cu?a | and the heavens] will perish, but nhie^.t-ddo^.ng-lu+.c-ho.c (na(m 1000 | you[God] remain; they will all wear Tru+o+'c Chu'a) trong Thi-thie^n, ddoa.n | out like a garment." table 2 shows 102, ca^u 26 "Tro+`i dda^'t se~ | examples of scripture and the hu+-hoa.i, song Chu'a ha(`ng co`n; | associated scientific discovery Tro+`i dda^'t se~ cu~ mo`n he^'t nhu+ | which supports its accuracy. a'o-xo^'ng; Chu'a se~ ddo^?i tro+`i | dda^'t nhu+ ca'i a'o, va` no' bi. | bie^'n-thay ." Ba?n 2 cho tha^'y ca'c | vi'-du. cu?a Kinh-Tha'nh va` nhu+~ng | kha'm-pha' khoa-ho.c dda~ cu?ng-co^' | su+. chi'nh-xa'c cu?a Kinh-Tha'nh. | | BA?N TO'M-LU+O+.C 2 -- KINH-THA'NH | summary of table 2 - bible in PHU`-HO+.P VO+'I NHU+~NG GI` CHU'NG ta | scientific agreement with what we BIE^'T DDU+O+.C VE^` KHOA-HO.C NGA`Y | know TODAY: HO^M NAY: | | (sau dda^y la` ba?n to'm-ta('t 2; kho^ng | (the following is a summary of go^`m co' hi`nh o+? dda^y): | table 2; graphic not included | here): Gio'p 26:7 "Chu'a tra?i ba('c cu+.c ra | job 26:7 "He stretcheth out north tre^n vu`ng tro^'ng,Treo tra'i dda^'t | over the empty place and hangeth trong khoa?ng kho^ng-kho^ng." va`o na(m | the earth upon nothing." c. 2000 2000 Tru+o+'c Chu'a . Su+. gia?i-thi'ch | BC. scientific interpretation: the cu?a khoa-ho.c: tra'i dda^'t lo+-lu+?ng | earth is suspended in space. until tre^n kho^ng. cho dde^'n the^' ky? | this century, space "ether" was na`y, thi` ngu+o+`i ta tu+o+?ng cha^'t | believed to hold up the earth. kho^ng-gian go.i la` "ether" dda~ | cho^'ng ddo+~ tra'i dda^'t. | | E^-sai, ddoa.n 40, ca^u 22 "A^'y la` | isaiah 40:22 "It is he that sitteth DDa^'ng ngu+. tre^n vo`ng ("kho^'i | upon the circle ("sphericity" or ca^`u" hay "hi`nh tro`n") tra'i dda^'t | "roundness") of the earth"... c. na^`y" ... na(m 680 Tru+o+'c Chu'a . | 680 BC. scientific interpretation: Su+. gia?i-thi'ch cu?a khoa-ho.c: Tra'i | the earth is round. in 680 bc earth dda^'t thi` tro`n-tri.a . Va`o na(m 680 | was thought to be flat. many Tru+o+'c Chu'a, ma(.t dda^'t ddu+o+.c | believed earth was flat until cho la` pha(?ng. Nhie^`u ngu+o+`i | Magellan's circumnavigation in tu+o+?ng ra(`ng ma(.t dda^'t la` pha(?ng | 1522 AD. cho dde^'n khi cuo^.c tha'm-hie^?m | vo`ng-quanh tra'i dda^'t cu?a magellan | va`o na(m 1522 sau Chu'a . | | Truye^`n-dda.o, ddoa.n 1, ca^u 6 "Gio' | ecclesiastes 1:6 "The wind blows to tho^?i ve^` hu+o+'ng nam, ke^' xa^y qua | the south and turns to the north; hu+o+'ng ba('c; no' xa^y ddi va^`n la.i | round and round it goes, ever kho^ng ngu+`ng, ro^`i tro+? ve^` vo`ng | returning on its course. c.1000 BC. cu~ no'." na(m 1000 Tru+o+'c Chu'a . | scientific interpretation: Su+. gia?i-thi'ch cu?a khoa-ho.c: Su+. | description of wind circulation, mo^-ta? cu?a su+. tua^`n-hoa`n cu?a | modeled in 1735AD by george Hadley. gio', theo khuo^n-ma^~u cu?a george | hadley na(m 1735 sau Chu'a . | | Truye^`n-dda.o, ddoa.n 1, ca^u 7 "Mo.i | ecclesiastes 1:7 all streams flow so^ng dde^`u ddo^? va`o bie^?n, song | into the sea, yet the sea is never kho^ng he^` la`m dda^`y bie^?n; no+i ma` | full. to the place the streams so^ng thu+o+`ng cha?y va`o, no' la.i | come from there they return again." cha?y ve^` ddo' nu+~a ." na(m 1000 | c. 1000 BC. scientific Tru+o+'c Chu'a . Su+. gia?i-thi'ch cu?a | interpretation: accurate khoa-ho.c: Su+. mo^-ta? chi'nh-xa'c | description of the water cycle, ve^` chu-ky` thu?y-lo+.i, ddu+o+.c R. | depicted in 1931 ad by R. Horton. horton mie^u-ta? va`o na(m 1931 sau | Chu'a . | | E^-sai, ddoa.n 40, ca^u 31 "Nhu+ng ai | isaiah 40:31 "They will soar on tro^ng-ddo+.i DDu+'c Gie^-ho^-va thi` | wings like eagles; they will run cha('c ddu+o+.c su+'c mo+'i, ca^'t ca'nh | and not grow weary, they will walk bay cao nhu+ chim u+ng; cha.y ma` kho^ng | and not be faint." c. 680 BC. me^.t-nho.c, ddi ma` kho^ng mo?i ." | scientific interpretation: 1971 ad va`o na(m 680 Tru+o+'c Chu'a . Su+. | - discovery that aerodynamics of gia?i-thi'ch cu?a khoa-ho.c: na(m 1971 | eagle's wings make them able to fly sau Chu'a -- kha'm-pha' ra | without becoming weary. khi'-ddo^.ng-lu+.c-ho.c cu?a ca'nh chim | dda.i-ba`ng, la`m cho no' co' the^? bay | ma` kho^ng me^.t-mo?i . | | Gie^-re^-mi, ddoa.n 33, ca^u 22 "kho^ng | jeremiah 33:22 "As countless as the the^? dde^'m ddu+o+.c co+-binh tre^n | stars of the sky..." c. 600 BC. tro+`i" va`o na(m 600 Tru+o+'c Chu'a . | scientific interpretation: Su+. gia?i-thi'ch cu?a khoa-ho.c: Ca'c | scientists in the past regarded the nha` khoa ho.c tho+`i xu+a xem so^' | number of stars as countable. ngo^i sao nhu+ la` co' the^? dde^'m | ptolemy said there were 1056, ddu+o+.c. ptolemy no'i co' 1056, kepler | kepler 1005, and tycho brahe 777. no'i 1005, va` tycho brahe thi` no'i | modern science has shown there are 777. Khoa-ho.c ta^n-tie^'n cho bie^'t | "billions and billions" of stars ra(`ng co' ca? "ha(`ng ti? va` ha(`ng | -uncountably many. ti?" ngo^i sao -- nhie^`u qua', kho^ng | the^? na`o dde^'m ddu+o+.c. | | Le^-vi Ky' ddoa.n 17, ca^u 11 "vi` | leviticus 17:11 "For the life of a sanh-ma.ng cu?a xa'c-thi.t o+? trong | creature is in the blood". c. 1440 huye^'t" va`o na(m 1440 Tru+o+'c Chu'a . | BC. scientific interpretation: life Su+. gia?i-thi'ch cu?a khoa-ho.c: Su+. | depends on the supply of oxygen, so^'ng nho+` o+? su+. cung-ca^'p cu?a | water and food to the cells of the ma'u ve^` du+o+~ng-khi', nu+o+'c, va` | body by the blood. circulation thu+'c a(n cho ca'c te^'-ba`o cu?a | discovered by W. harvey in 1616 AD. co+-the^?. Su+. tua^`n-hoa`n dda~ | ddu+o+.c W. harvey kha'm-pha' va`o na(m | 1616 Tru+o+'c Chu'a . | | Thi-thie^n, ddoa.n 102, ca^u 25-26 | psalm 102:25,26 "In the beginning "Thuo+? xu+a Chu'a la^.p ne^`n tra'i | you laid the foundations of the dda^'t, Ca'c tu+`ng tro+`i la` | earth, and the heavens are the work co^ng-vie^.c cu?a tay Chu'a . Tro+`i | of your hands. they will perish, dda^'t se~ hu+-hoa.i, song Chu'a ha(`ng | but you remain; they will all wear co`n; | out like a garment..." c. 1000 BC. Tro+`i dda^'t se~ cu~ mo`n he^'t nhu+ | scientific interpretation: second a'o-xo^'ng..." va`o na(m 1000 Tru+o+'c | law of thermodynamics (law of Chu'a . Su+. gia?i-thi'ch cu?a | entrophy - c 1800AD). in any energy khoa-ho.c: Lua^.t thu+' hai cu?a | conversion, although the total nhie^.t-ddo^.ng-lu+.c-ho.c (lua^.t tan | amount of energy remains unchanged, da^`n va`o na(m 1800 sau Chu'a). trong | the usefulness and availability of ba^'t cu+' mo^.t cuo^.c bie^'n | the energy is always decreased. na(ng-lu+.c na`o, ma(.c-du` la` | since all activities of nature to^?ng-so^' na(ng-lu+.c va^~n kho^ng | involve such energy transfer, the thay-ddo^?i, nhu+ng su+. hu+~u-i'ch va` | energy supply for the universe as a su+. sa(~n co' thi` lu'c na`o cu~ng | whole must be decreasing the sun gia?m ddi . Vi` mo.i co+-ddo^.ng cu?a | and stars will burn out eventually, thie^n-nhie^n lie^n-quan dde^'n su+. | the universe is growing old, bie^'n-chuye^?n na(ng-lu+.c gio^'ng nhu+ | wearing out, running down. va^.y, ne^n khi no'i chung ve^` su+. | cung-ca^'p na(ng-lu+.c cho vu~-tru., | thi` no' pha?i gia?m ddi . Ma(.t tro+`i | va` ngo^i sao da^`n-da` ro^`i cu~ng | cha'y he^'t, vu~-tru. tro+? ne^n | cu~-ky~, hao-mo`n, kie^.t-que^.. | | CHU+'NG-TI'CH KHA?O-CO^?-HO.C CU?NG-CO^' | archaeological evidence KINH-THA'NH | substantiates bible | Chu+'ng-ti'ch kha?o-co^?-ho.c dda~ | archaeological evidence cu?ng-co^' cho nhie^`u su+. vie^.c trong | substantiates many biblical Kinh-Tha'nh. DDe^? tri'ch trong lo+`i | accounts. to quote millar burrows cu?a millar burrows tu+` tru+o+`ng yale | of Yale. "...archaeological work thi` "...co^ng-ta'c kha?o-co^? dda~ la`m | has unquestionably strengthened su+. tin-tu+o+?ng ca`ng the^m | confidence in the reliability of vu+~ng-va`ng kho^ng cho^'i-ca~i ddu+o+.c | the scriptural record. more than ve^` su+. xa'c-thu+.c cu?a ho^`-so+ | one archaeologist has found his Kinh-Tha'nh. Co' ho+n mo^.t nha` | respect for the bible increased by kha?o-co^? dda~ tha^'y la` su+. | the experience of excavation in kha^m-phu.c Kinh-Tha'nh la.i ca`ng the^m | Palestine." nelson Glueck, reformed ho+n khi ngu+o+`i dda~ ddu+o+.c co' | jewish scholar notes: "It is worth kinh-nghie^.m dda`o-xo+'i ta.i xu+' | emphasizing that in all this work Phi-li-tin." nelson Glueck, mo^.t | no archaeological discovery has ho.c-gia? ngu+o+`i Do-tha'i no'i: "Qua? | ever controverted a single, la` dda'ng dde^? ma` nha^'n-ma.nh | properly understood biblical ra(`ng, trong mo.i co^ng-vie^.c na`y, | statement." thi` kho^ng co' mo^.t kha'm-pha' | kha?o-co^? na`o dda~ phu?-nha^.n ba^'t | cu+' mo^.t lo+`i tuye^n-bo^' cu?a | Kinh-Tha'nh na`o dda~ ddu+o+.c hie^?u | mo^.t ca'ch ddu'ng-dda('n." | | Nhu+~ng kha'm-pha' kha?o-co^? dda~ | archaeological discoveries have chu+'ng-minh su+. chi'nh-xa'c cu?a ca'c | proved the accuracy of bible su+.-kie^.n Kinh-Tha'nh ma` ca'c nha` | accounts that had long been ho.c-gia? dda~ tu+` la^u va^~n cho la` | considered inaccurate by scholars ddu'ng vi` ho. thie^'u ca'c du+~-kie^.n .| who had insufficient information. Vi` lu-ca mo^-ta? ti?-mi? ve^` ca'c | because of Luke's detailed su+.-kie^.n cu?a li.ch-su+?, ne^n va`i | descriptions of historical events, lo+`i vie^'t cu?a o^ng -- va` cho ne^n | some of his writings -- and thus su+. ti'n-nhie^.m cu?a toa`n Ta^n-U+o+'c | the credibility of the entire new -- dda~ bi. ca'c nha` ho.c-gia? | testament -- had been in dispute Kinh-Tha'nh kho^ng tin nhu+~ng | for over a century by bible chi-tie^'t lu-ca tho^'-lo^. la` | scholars who didn't believe the chi'nh-xa'c ba`n-ca~i trong ca? ho+n | details supplied by luke were mo^.t the^'-ky?. Ca'c nha` ho.c-gia? | accurate. bible scholars thought Kinh-Tha'nh nghi~ ra(`ng va(n-pha^?m | that Luke's writings were a fraud, cu?a lu-ca la` gia?-ma.o va` dda~ | written in the second century by ddu+o+.c ngu+o+`i na`o, kho^ng bie^'t | someone who didn't know the history li.ch-su+? va` ddi.a ly' tho+`i ddo', | or geography of the time. for vie^'t trong the^'-ky? thu+' nhi`. | example, in acts 14:6, luke relates Vi'-du., trong Co^ng-vu. ca'c | that paul and barnabas fled from Su+'-ddo^`, ddoa.n 14, ca^u 6, lu-ca | iconium to the cities of Lyconium. no'i ra(`ng Phao-lo^ va` ba-na-ba | bible scholars had believed that tro^'n-tra'nh tu+` Y-co^-ni ddi dde^'n | iconium was located in the province ca'c tha`nh xu+' ly-cao-ni . Ca'c nha` | of lyconium -- thus the statement ho.c-gia? Kinh-Tha'nh tu+o+?ng ra(`ng | made no sense. it would be like Y-co^-ni dda~ na(`m ta.i ti?nh ly-cao-ni | saying someone fled from miami to -- cho ne^n lo+`i vie^'t tha^.t kho^ng | Florida. an inscription was later co' ho+.p-ly'. Lo+`i ddo' gio^'ng nhu+ | found that proved that when paul la` no'i ra(`ng co' ngu+o+`i tro^'n ddi | and barnabas fled from Iconium, the tu+` tha`nh-pho^' miami dde^'n | city was part of the province of tie^?u-bang florida . Mo^.t chu+~ | Phrygia, proving Luke's writing was ghi-kha('c dda~ ddu+o+.c ti`m ra va` | correct. chu+'ng-minh ra(`ng, khi Phao-lo^ va` | ba-na-ba tro^'n kho?i Y-co^-ni, thi` | ca'i tha`nh-pho^' ddo' thuo^.c ti?nh | Phi-ri-gi, minh-chu+'ng ra(`ng lo+`i | cu?a lu-ca la` chi'nh-xa'c. | | Nha` phe^-bi`nh Kinh-Tha'nh cu~ng dda~ | bible critics also believed that nghi~ ra(`ng nhu+~ng hoa`n-ca?nh ve^` | the circumstances of Jesus' birth su+. sanh-ra cu?a Chu'a Gie^-xu dda~ | were concocted to fulfill the ddu+o+.c bi.a-dda(.t dde^? la`m tro.n | prophecy in micah that states the lo+`i tie^n-tri trong Mi-che^, la` sa'ch | messiah was to be born in dda~ no'i ra(`ng DDa^'n Me^-si se~ | Bethlehem. they doubted that there ddu+o+.c sinh ra ta.i Be^'t-le^-hem. | had been a census (Luke 2:1-3) Ho. ngo+`-vu+.c ra(`ng dda~ co' mo^.t | which caused joseph and mary to cuo^.c to^?ng-ke^ da^n-so^' (Lu-ca, | travel to Bethlehem. a roman edict ddoa.n 2, ca^u 1-3), la` dde^`u dda~ | was later discovered in Egypt, khie^'n cho Gio^-se'p va` ma-ri pha?i | which stated: "The enrollment by lu+u-ha`nh dde^'n Be^'t-le^-hem. Ve^` | household being at hand, it is sau, mo^.t sa('c-le^.nh La-ma~ dda~ | necessary to notify all who for any ddu+o+.c kha'm-pha' ra ta.i Ai-ca^.p, | cause soever are outside of their no'i ra(`ng: "Vie^.c ke^'t-na.p | administrative districts that they gia-ddi`nh dda~ ga^`n ke^`, cho ne^n | return at once to their homes to ca^`n ba'o cho mo.i ngu+o+`i vi` ba^'t | carry out the customary cu+' ly'-do na`o ma` o+? ngoa`i huye^.n | enrollment..." other discovered ha`nh-chi'nh cu?a mi`nh, ra(`ng ho. | documents confirmed that this tro+? ve^` ngay la^.p tu+'c dde^'n | census was taken every fourteen que^-nha` dde^? tie^'n-ha`nh su+. | years. ke^'t-na.p thu+o+`ng-le^...." Ca'c | ta`i-lie^`u kha'm-pha' kha'c xa'c-ddi.nh | ra(`ng cuo^.c to^?ng-ke^ da^n-so^' na`y | dda~ ma^'t dde^'n mu+o+`i-bo^'n na(m. | | lu-ca no'i ra(`ng qui-ri-ni-u la` | luke had stated that To^?ng-ddo^'c xu+' sy-ri va`o tho+`i | quirinius was the governor of syria Chu'a Gie^-xu ddu+o+.c sinh ra, | at the time of Jesus' birth, tuy-nhie^n, ca'c ho^`-so+ ngu+o+`i | however secular records showed that tra^`n-pha`m cho bie^'t ra(`ng | saturninus was the governor at that saturninus la` To^?ng-ddo^'c va`o tho+`i | time. an inscription was later ddo'. Mo^.t ba?n chu+~ kha('c dda~ | found in antioch which showed that ddu+o+.c ti`m tha^'y ve^` sau ta.i | quirinius indeed was governor of An-ti-o^'t cho tha^'y qua? tha^.t | syria at the time. qui-ri-ni-u la` To^?ng-ddo^'c xu+' sy-ri | tho+`i ddo'. | | Su+. xa'c-thu+.c li.ch-su+? cu?a | pontius Pilate's historical Bo^n-xo+ Phi-la't dda~ bi. nghi-ngo+` | authenticity was in doubt until cho dde^'n na(m 1961, la` lu'c mo^.t | 1961, when an inscription was found ba?n chu+~ kha('c dda~ ddu+o+.c ti`m | "Pontius Pilate, prefect of Judea, tha^'y "Bo^n-xo+ Phi-la't, Su+. | has presented the tiberium to the Toa`n-ve.n cu?a Giu-dda, dda~ tri`nh | Caesareans", thus proving his tiberium cho da^n Se^-sa-re^", cho ne^n | existence. dda~ chu+'ng-minh ddu+o+.c su+. | hie^.n-hu+~u cu?a ngu+o+`i . | | Mo^.t kha'm-pha' kha?o-co^? dda'ng | an interesting archaeological chu'-y' hi`nh-nhu+ la` chu+'ng-minh su+. | discovery appears to document a pha?n-u+'ng cu?a mo^.t to^?ng-ddo^'c vi` | roman governor's reaction to the su+. so^'ng la.i cu?a mo^.t ngu+o+`i | resurrection of the dead. matthew che^'t. Ma-thi-o+, ddoa.n 28, ca^u | 28:11-15 describes the reaction of 11-15 mo^-ta? pha?n-u+'ng cu?a ca'c | the chief priests and elders when tha^`y te^'-le^~ tru+o+?ng va` ca'c | the guards around Jesus' tomb told tru+o+?ng la~o khi li'nh-canh quanh mo^. | them about the resurrection: "When cu?a Chu'a Gie^-xu dda~ no'i cho ho. | the chief priests had met with the ve^` su+. so^'ng la.i: "Ca'c tha^`y | elders and devised a plan, they be`n nho'm la.i cu`ng ca'c | gave the soldiers a large sum of tru+o+?ng-la~o dda(.ng ba`n-lua^.n, xong | money, telling them, "You are to ro^`i, thi` ho. cho nhu+~ng li'nh ddo' | say, 'His disciples came during the nhie^`u tie^`n-ba.c, ma` da(.n ra(`ng: | night and stole him away while we Ca'c ngu+o+i ha~y no'i ra(`ng: | were asleep.' if this report gets Mo^n-ddo^` no' dda~ dde^'n lu'c ban | to the governor, we will satisfy dde^m khi chu'ng to^i ddu+o+ng ngu?, ma` | him and keep you out of trouble." la^'y tro^.m no' ddi . Ne^'u dde^`u | the governor must have heard the a^'y tha^'u tai quan to^?ng-ddo^'c, thi` | report and it must have upset him, chu'ng ta se~ khuye^n-gia?i ngu+o+`i, | because he issued a decree va` la`m cho ca'c ngu+o+i kho?i | instituting capital punishment for lo-so+.." quan to^?ng-ddo^'c a('t ha(?n | the crime of violation of dda~ nghe ddu+o+.c lo+`i tu+o+`ng-tri`nh | sepulcher, a crime which had never na`y va` la`m o^ng bu+.c-mi`nh vi` o^ng | previously had such a severe dda~ bie^n chie^'u-chi? u+'ng-ha`nh | penalty. a white marble slab xu+?-tu+? dde^? tru+`ng-pha.t cho to^.i | inscribed with this decree was xu'c-pha.m dde^'n mo^`-ma?, la` mo^.t | found in nazareth in 1878. its to^.i ma` tru+o+'c ddo' dda~ chu+a | inscription appears in table 4.The tu+`ng co' mo^.t su+. tru+`ng-pha.t | possibility of grave robbers nghie^m-tro.ng nhu+ the^'. Mo^.t ta?ng | stealing Jesus' body is highly ca^?m-tha.ch tra('ng co' kha('c chu+~ | unlikely. a roman guard was one of cho chie^'u-chi? na`y dda~ ddu+o+.c ti`m | the greatest, strictly disciplined tha^'y ta.i Na-xa-re't va`o na(m 1878. | fighting units. a roman security Chu+~ kha('c na`y lie^.t ra trong Ba?n | guard would never fall asleep, as 4. | the penalty was death. they rotated | shifts every four hours to ensure Ca'i kha?-na(ng cu?a bo.n cu+o+'p mo^` | top performance of duty. it is a(n-ca('p xa'c Chu'a Gie^-xu thi` ra^'t | reasonable to conclude that the la` kho^ng the^? co' ddu+o+.c. Li'nh | roman guards came to the chief La-ma~ canh-ga'c la` mo^.t trong nhu+~ng | priests out of desperation ddo+n-vi. chie^'n-dda^'u no^?i-ba^.t | following Jesus' resurrection. they nha^'t, co' ky?-lua^.t ga('t-gao nha^'t. | feared for their lives and they Mo^.t li'nh La-ma~ canh-ga'c se~ kho^ng | knew that the chief priests would bao gio+` ngu? ga^.t, vi` su+. | have influence on roman tru+`ng-pha.t la` xu+?-tu+?. Ho. | authorities. thay-phie^n ga'c cu+' mo^~i bo^'n | tie^'ng ddo^`ng-ho^` dde^? giu+~-gi`n | su+. thi-ha`nh nhie^.m-vu. mo^.t ca'ch | xua^'t-sa('c nha^'t. Ho. lo-so+. bi. | ma^'t ma.ng va` bie^'t ra(`ng ca'c | tha^`y te^'-le^~ ca? co' quye^`n | a?nh-hu+o+?ng dde^'n chi'nh-quye^`n | La-ma~. | | Va`i vi'-du. ve^` ca'c chu+'ng-co+' | some examples of archaeological kha?o-co^? dde^? cu?ng-co^' nhu+~ng | evidence supporting biblical su+.-kie^.n Kinh-Tha'nh ddu+o+.c ba`y | accounts are shown in table 3. for trong ba?n 3. DDe^? bie^'t the^m ra^'t | many more examples of archeological nhie^`u vi'-du. tie^u-bie^? ve^` nhu+~ng | finds substantiating biblical su+. ti`m tha^'y kha?o-co^? cu?ng-co^' | accounts including geography, su+.-kie^.n Kinh-Tha'nh, go^`m co' | rulers, conflicts, and more, see ddi.a-ly', nhu+~ng ngu+o+`i cai-tri., | the references at the end of this nhu+~ng xung-ddo^.t, va` nhie^`u nu+~a, | article. xin xem nhu+~ng sa'ch tham-kha?o o+? | cuo^'i ba`i na`y . | | BA?N TO'M-TA('T 3, CHU+'NG-CO+' | summary of table 3, archaeological KHA?O-CO^? | evidence | (sau dda^y la` ba?n to'm-ta('t 3; kho^ng | (the following is a summary of go^`m co' hi`nh o+? dda^y): | table 3; graphic not included | here): Bie^'n-co^' chung quanh su+. sinh ra | events surrounding Jesus' cu?a Chu'a Gie^-xu (Lu-ca, ddoa.n 2, | birth(Luke 2:1-3): ca^u 1-3): | -qui-ri-ni-u la` to^?ng-ddo^'c cu?a | - quirinius was the governor of sy-ri . Chu+'ng-co+' kha?o-co^?: chu+~ | Syria. archaeological evidence: kha('c vie^'t qui-ri-ni-u la` | inscription regarding quirinius as to^?ng-ddo^'c va`o tho+`i ddo' dda~ | governor at this time found in ddu+o+.c ti`m ra ta.i An-ti-o^'t. | Antioch. - cuo^.c to^?ng-ke^ da^n-so^' cu?a toa`n | - a census of the entire roman la~nh-tho^? La-ma~ dda~ ddu+o+.c | world was taken. archaeological thi-ha`nh. Chu+'ng-co+' kha?o-co^?: | evidence: papyrus found in egypt Gia^'y chi?-tha?o ti`m ddu+o+.c ta.i | (regarding taxpayer enrollment) Ai-ca^.p (lie^n-quan dde^'n ke^'t-na.p | ngu+o+`i ma('c thue^'). | | Bo^n-xo+ Phi-la't la` to^?ng-ddo^'c cu?a | pontius pilate was governor of xu+' giu-dda va`o tho+`i cu?a Chu'a | judea during the time of Jesus. Gie^-xu . Chu+'ng-co+' kha?o-co^?: | archaeological evidence: chu+~ kha('c ti`m tha^'y ddu+o+.c ta.i | inscription found in palestine phi-li-tin ("Bo^n-xo+ Phi-la't, Su+. | ("Pontius Pilate, prefect of Toa`n-ve.n cu?a giu-dda ...") | Judea...") | Cu+.u-u+o+'c: | old Testament: | Gio^-sue^ dda~ nghe theo lo+`i chi? da.y | joshua followed the Lord's cu?a Chu'a va` tu+o+`ng-tha`nh cu?a | instructions and the walls of Gie^-ri-co^ dda~ xu.p-ddo^? vi` tie^'ng | jericho collapsed with a shout ho^ cu?a da^n-chu'ng, khie^'n cho | from the people, allowing joshua Gio^-se'p co' the^? chie^'m la^'y | to take the city c.1400 BC, ddu+o+.c tha`nh va` na(m 1400 Tru+o+'c | (Joshua 6:5, 6:20). archaeological Chu'a, (Gio^-sue^, ddoa.n 6, ca^u 5, | evidence: found walls of jericho ddoa.n 6, ca^u 20). Chu+'ng-co+' | fallen outward, even though they kha?o-co^?: dda~ tha^'y tu+o+`ng tha`nh | were 15 ft. high and 10 ft. thick. cu?a Gie^-ri-co^ bi. ddo^? ra phi'a | from pottery and ceramic evidence, ngoa`i, ngay ca? trong khi ma` no' cao | the city was destroyed c. 1400 bc ca? 15 bo^. va` da`y 10 bo^.. Tu+` | chu+'ng-ti'ch che'n-ba't bi`nh-cha^.u | dda^'t se't va` ddo^` go^'m, thi` tha`nh | dda~ bi. hu?y-pha' va`o na(m 1400 | Tru+o+'c Chu'a . | | DDa-vi't dda~ no'i la` du`ng khe nu+o+'c | david refers to using the water dde^? dde^'n da^n Gie^-bu-si't | shaft to reach the jebusites (2 (Sa-mu-e^n thu+' 2, ddoa.n 5, ca^u 8, | samuel 5:8, 1 chronicles 11:17) Su+?-ky' thu+' nha^'t, ddoa.n 11, ca^u | when conquering Jerusalem. 17) khi chie^'m Gie^-ru-sa-lem. | archaeological evidence: water Chu+'ng-co+' kha?o-co^?: ha^`m | supply tunnel found; protective cung-ca^'p nu+o+'c; tu+o+`ng ba?o-ve^. | city walls found which the water tha`nh dda~ ddu+o+.c ti`m ra va` co' khe | tunnel went under. nu+o+'c cha?y o+? du+o+'i . | | KINH-THA'NH DDU+O+.C TRUYE^`N LA.I MO^.T | the bible was transmitted CA'CH CHI'NH-XA'C | accurately | Kinh-tha'nh la` mo^.t ho^`-so+ co^?-xu+a | the bible is the most reliable dda'ng tin-ca^.y nha^'t. ba ye^'u-to^' | ancient document. three factors dde^? tra-xe't su+. ti'n-nhie^.m cu?a | used in determining the reliability mo^.t ho^`-so+ co^?-xu+a dde^? | of an ancient document ensure that dda?m-ba?o cho Kinh-Tha'nh ma` chu'ng ta | the bible we have today is very co' nga`y ho^m nay ra^'t ga^`n y nhu+ | close in content to the original nhu+~ng ba?n tha?o chi'nh go^'c. | manuscripts. 1) con so^' ca'c ba?n sao va^~n co`n | 1) the number of manuscript to^`n-ta.i, va` su+. ho+.p-ddo^`ng vo+'i | copies in existence, and their nhau . Ca`ng co' nhie^`u ba?n tha?o | agreement. the greater the number thi` la.i ca`ng ta.o ra va(n-pha^?m | of manuscripts the more reliable dda'ng tin-ca^.y ho+n. | the text produced. 2) Khoa?ng tho+`i-gian dde^? ba?n sao | 2) the time span between the tu+` ba?n go^'c. Khoa?ng ca'ch tho+`i | copies and the original. the gian ca`ng i't dde^? che'p ba?n go^'c ra | smaller the time span between the ba?n sao, thi` la.i ca`ng co' nhie^`u | original and the creation of su+. ti'n-nhie^.m ho+n. | manuscript copies, the greater the 3) Phu+o+ng-pha'p ghi-che'p. | reliability. Phu+o+ng-pha'p ca`ng kha('t-khe dde^'n | 3) the method of transcription. dda^u thi` su+. ti'n-nhie^.m cu?a ba?n | the more rigorous the method, the sao la.i ca`ng the^m ba^'y nhie^u . | more reliable the transcribed text. | Nhu+ dda~ ddu+o+.c ke^ ra trong ba?n 5, | the number of copies and short time thi` con so^' ca'c ba?n sao va` khoa?ng | span between copies supports new tho+`i-gian nga('n dde^? sao la.i dda~ | testament manuscript reliability, cu?ng-co^' su+. ti'n-nhie^.m cu?a ba?n | as shown in table 5. old testament tha?o cu?a Ta^n-U+o+'c. Su+. | reliability lies in the method used ti'n-nhie^.m cu?a Cu+.u-U+o+'c du+.a | to transcribe the Bible. va`o phu+o+ng-pha'p du`ng dde^? sao-y | Kinh-Tha'nh. | | BA?N TO'M-LU+O+.C 5 -- TA^N-U+O+'C CO' | summary of table 5 - new testament RA^'T NHIE^`U CHU+'NG-CO+' VE^` BA?N | has far more manuscript evidence THA?O HO+N CA'C VA(N-PHA^?M CO^?-XU+A | than other ancient works KHA'C | | (sau dda^y la` ba?n to'm-ta('t 5; kho^ng | (the following is a summary of go^`m co' hi`nh o+? dda^y; ba?n tu+` | table 5; graphic not included here; "Su+. Bie^.n-ho^. Sa(~n-sa`ng" cu?a josh | table adapted from josh McDowell's McDowell, Nha` Xua^'t-ba?n DDa^y La` | "A ready Defense", Here's life Su+. So^'ng, 1992): | publishers 1992): Va(n-Pha^?m khi Ba?n sao Khoa?ng So^' Ba?n Va(n-Pha^?m vie^'t So+'m Nha^'t Tho+`i-gian ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Ta^n-U+o+'c 40-100 sc 125 sc 25 na(m >24.000 homer iliad 900 tc 400 tc 500 na(m 643 plato teralogies 427-347 tc 900 sc 1200 na(m 7 sophocles 496-406 tc 1000 sc 1400 na(m 193 caesar 100-44 tc 900 sc 1000 na(m 10 work when earliest time number of written copy span copies ----------------------------------------------------------------------- new testament ad 40-100 ad 125 25 yrs. >24,000 homer iliad 900 bc 400 bc 500 yrs. 643 plato teralogies 427-347 bc ad 900 1200 yrs. 7 sophocles 496-406 bc ad 1000 1400 yrs. 193 caesar 100-44 bc ad 900 1000 yrs. 10 CHU+'NG-CO+' QUA' NHIE^`U CU?A BA?N | overwhelming new testament THA?O TA^N-U+O+'C: | manuscript evidence | Ta^n-U+o+'c co' qua' nhie^`u | the new testament has far more chu+'ng-co+' ba?n tha?o tro^.i ho+n | manuscript evidence than any other ba^'t cu+' mo^.t va(n-pha^?m co^?-xu+a | ancient work. there are more than na`o . Co' ca? ho+n 24.000 sao-ba?n | 24,000 manuscript copies of the new tha?o cu?a Ta^n-U+o+'c, chi? trong vo`ng | Testament, with only a 25 year time 25 na(m giu+~a ba?n go^'c va` ba?n sao . | span between the original and the Ba?n iliad xe^'p ha.ng ke^' -- no' co' | manuscript copies. the iliad ranks 643 ba?n tha?o trong vo`ng 500 na(m | next -- it has 643 manuscript giu+~a ba?n go^'c va` ba?n sao . Chi? | copies with a 500 year time span co' 40 ha`ng (400 chu+~) cu?a | between the original and the Ta^n-U+o+'c bi. ngo+`-vu+.c no^.i trong | copies. only 40 lines (400 words) 24.000 ba?n tha?o, ca'i ddo' so vo+'i | of the new testament are in doubt 746 ha`ng bi. ngo+`-vu+.c no^.i trong | between the 24,000 manuscript 643 ba?n sao cu?a Iliad. Co' nghi~a la` | copies, compared to 746 lines in 5% cu?a va(n-pha^?m iliad bi. | doubt of the Iliad's 643 copies. hu+-nhie^~u, so vo+'i chi? co' 1/2 cu?a | this translates to 5% of the 1% cu?a Ta^n-U+o+'c. dda so^' ca'c | Iliad's text being corrupted, lo^~i Ta^n-U+o+'c na`y la` lo^~i | compared to 1/2 of 1% for the new chi'nh-ta? va` vie^'t ga^'p-ddo^i va` | Testament. these new testament kho^ng co' a?nh-hu+o+?ng dde^'n | errors consist primarily of ne^`n-ta?ng cu?a gia'o-ly'. DDe^? | misspellings and duplications and tri'ch O^ng frederic Kenyon, mo^.t nha` | affect no fundamental doctrines. to phe^-pha'n co' tha^?m-quye^`n trong | quote sir frederic Kenyon, an la~nh-vu+.c va(n-pha^?m Ta^n-U+o+'c: | authority in the field of new | testament textual criticism: "Kho^ng the^? na`o cu+o+ng-quye^'t ma.nh | "It cannot be too strongly asserted ddu? he^'t ra(`ng nhu+~ng no^.i-dung | that in substance the text of the trong va(n-pha^?m cu?a Kinh-Tha'nh la` | bible is certain... the number of cha('c-cha('n... con so^' cu?a ca'c | manuscripts of the new Testament, ba?n tha?o cu?a Ta^n-U+o+'c, vie^.c | of early translations from it, and di.ch-thua^.t so+'m-su?a, va` nhu+~ng | of quotations from it in the oldest lo+`i tri'ch trong Kinh-Tha'nh tu+` | writers of the Church, is so large nhu+~ng ngu+o+`i vie^'t la~o-nie^n | that it is practically certain that nha^'t trong Ho^.i-tha'nh, qua' lo+'n | the true reading of every doubtful dde^'n ddo^~i chu'ng ta pha?i | passage is preserved in some one or cha('c-cha('n ra(`ng ca'ch ddo.c | other of these ancient authorities. xa'c-tha^.t cu?a mo^~i ddoa.n hoa`i-nghi | this can be said of no other book thi` dda~ ddu+o+.c giu+~-gi`n trong | in the world. scholars are nhu+~ng tha^?m-quye^`n co^?-xu+a na`y . | satisfied that they possess Kho^ng co' quye^?n sa'ch na`o kha'c la.i | substantially the true text of the co' ddu+o+.c dde^`u na`y . Ca'ch nha` | principal greek and roman writers ho.c-gia? dda~ ha`i-lo`ng vi` ho. dda~ | whose works have come down to us... co' ddu+o+.c mo^.t pha^`n lo+'n ca'c | yet our knowledge of their writings va(n-pha^?m cha^n-tha^.t cu?a ca'c nha` | depends on a mere handful of vie^'t Hy-la.p va` La-ma~ dda~ truye^`n | manuscripts, whereas the la.i cho chu'ng ta ... tuy-nhie^n, | manuscripts of the new testament kie^'n-thu+'c cu?a chu'ng ta ve^` | are counted by hundreds, and even va(n-pha^?m cu?a ho. ddu+o+.c ca(n-cu+' | thousands." tre^n va`i ba?n tha?o, trong khi ddo' | thi` ba?n tha?o cu?a Ta^n-U+o+'c | ddu+o+.c dde^'m dde^'n ca? ha(`ng tra(m, | va` co' khi dde^'n ca? ha(`ng nga`n." | | LO^'I GHI-CHE'P CA'CH KY~-CA`NG CU?A | rigorous transcription of old CU+.U-U+O+'C | testament | Chu'ng ta co' the^? tin-tu+o+?ng | we can have confidence in the cha('c-cha('n va`o su+. ti'n-nhie^.m | reliability of the old testament cu?a Cu+.u-U+o+'c vi` phu+o+ng-pha'p | because of the rigorous ddu+o+.c du`ng dde^? ghi-che'p mo^.t | transcription methods employed. ca'ch ky~-lu+o+~ng. Tru+o+'c khi ti`m | before the discovery of the dead tha^'y ddu+o+.c Cuo^.n Sa'ch Co^? ta.i | sea scrolls in 1947, the oldest old Bie^?n Che^'t va`o na(m 900 sau Chu'a, | testament manuscript found dated khoa?ng chu+`ng 1300 na(m sau khi | around ad 900, approximately 1300 hoa`n-ta^'t Cu+.u-U+o+'c va`o na(m 400 | years after the completion of the Tru+o+'c Chu'a . Nhu+ng Cuo^.n Sa'ch | old testament in 400 BC. the dead Co^? ta.i Bie^?n Che^'t dda~ ddu+o+.c | sea Scrolls, however are dated ti'nh tuo^?i la` co' tu+` ho^`i tru+o+'c | before the time of christ (about DDa^'ng christ (khoa?ng 150 Tru+o+'c | 150 BC). the book of isaiah found Chu'a). Sa'ch E^-sai dda~ ddu+o+.c ti`m | in the dead sea scrolls verifies tha^'y ddu+o+.c trong Cuo^.n Sa'ch Co^? | the precision of the method used to ta.i Bie^?n Che^'t chu+'ng-minh | transcribe the old Testament. the phu+o+ng-pha'p ghi-che'p Cu+.u-U+o+'c | book of isaiah from the dead sea mo^.t ca'ch chi'nh-xa'c. Sa'ch E^-sai | scrolls is identical to today's trong Cuo^.n Sa'ch Co^? ta.i Bie^?n | standard hebrew bible in greater Che^'t gio^'ng y-he^.t ho+n 95% | than 95% of the text. the 5% Kinh-Tha'nh Hy-ba'-lai tie^u-chua^?n | variation is due to slips of the nga`y nay . 5% bie^'n-the^? la` do | pen and variations in spelling. vie^'t bi. tro+.t va` ca'ch dda'nh va^`n | kha'c nhau . | | Ca'c nha` talmud (na(m 100 - 500 sau | the talmudists (AD 100 - 500) used Chu'a) dda~ du`ng phu+o+ng-pha'p | a very strict transcription method. ghi-che'p ra^'t cha(.t-che~. Nhu+~ng | synagogue rolls had to be written cuo^.n sa'ch trong nha`-ho^.i dda~ pha?i | on specially prepared skins of ddu+o+.c vie^'t tre^n nhu+~ng da | clean animals and fastened with ddu+o+.c chua^?n-bi. mo^.t ca'ch | strings taken from clean animals. dda(.c-bie^.t cu?a su'c va^.t | each skin had to contain a certain thanh-sa.ch va` co^.t la.i ba(`ng | number of columns. each column had nhu+~ng so+.i da^y tu+` nhu+~ng su'c | to have between 48 and 60 lines and va^.t thanh-sa.ch. Mo^~i mie^'ng da | be 30 letters wide. the spacing pha?i chu+'a ddu? bao nhie^u co^.t-da~y | between consonants, sections and . Mo^~i co^.t-da~y pha?i chu+'a khoa?ng | books was precise, measured by 48 dde^'n 60 ha`ng, va` pha?i chu+'a | hairs or threads. the ink had to be khoa?ng 30 chu+~ ca'i be^` ngang. | black and prepared with a specific Khoa?ng tro^'ng giu+~a ca'c | recipe. the transcriber could not vo^-nguye^n-a^m, ddoa.n va` sa'ch pha?i | deviate from the original in any chi'nh-xa'c, ddu+o+.c ddo ba(`ng to'c | manner. no words could be written hay chi?. Mu+.c pha?i la` ma`u dden va` | from memory. the person making the ddu+o+.c pha-che^' vo+'i co^ng-thu+'c | copy had to wash his whole body dda(.c-bie^.t. Nha` ghi-che'p kho^ng | before beginning and had to be in ddu+o+.c sai-le^.ch kho?i ba?n-go^'c | full jewish dress. he could not ba^'t cu+' gia' na`o . Kho^ng co' chu+~ | begin to write the name of god with na`o ddu+o+.c vie^'t tu+` trong tri' | a pen freshly dipped in ink. while nho+'. Ngu+o+`i la`m ba?n sao va?i | writing God's name, he was to focus ru+?a nguye^n ca? ngu+o+`i tru+o+'c khi | on his task, not even looking up if ba('t dda^`u va` pha?i ma(.c y-phu.c | a king addressed him. Do-tha'i . Ngu+o+`i ddo' kho^ng | ddu+o+.c ba('t dda^`u vie^'t te^n cu?a | DDu+'c Chu'a Tro+`i vo+'i mo^.t ca^y | vie^'t vu+`a mo+'i cha^'m mu+.c. khi | vie^'t te^n cu?a DDu+'c Chu'a Tro+`i, | ngu+o+`i a^'y pha?i ta^.p-trung va`o | vie^.c la`m cu?a ngu+o+`i, va` kho^ng | ddu+o+.c nhi`n le^n ngay ca? khi nha` | vua pha'n vo+'i ngu+o+`i . | | Bo+?i vi` su+. ca^?n-tha^.n trong vie^.c | because of the care taken to make la`m ba?n sao, ne^n ca'c nha` talmud | copies, talmudists were confident dda~ tin cha('c ra(`ng ca'c ba?n sao | that they were exact. talmudists cu?a ho. dda~ chi'nh-xa'c. Ca'c nha` | destroyed older copies because they talmud dda~ hu?y nhu+~ng ba?n sao cu~ | feared the older copies would ddi vi` ho. e ra(`ng nhu+~ng ba?n sao | become damaged and misinterpreted cu~ co' the^? bi. hu+-ha.i va` | with age. that is why there are few hie^?u-la^`m khi bi. cu~-ky~. Bo+?i | older manuscripts. va^.y cho ne^n mo+'i co' i't ba?n tha?o | cu~ ho+n. | | Ca'c nha` massoret (na(m 500-900 sau | the massoretes (AD 500-900) also Chu'a) cu~ng co' mo^.t he^.-tho^'ng | had a complicated system of phu+'c-ta.p dde^? dda?m-ba?o ca'c ba?n | ensuring that copies were accurate. sao ddu+o+.c chi'nh-xa'c. Bo+?i vi` | by numbering verses, words and dda~ vie^'t so^' cu?a ca'c ca^u, chu+~ | letters and calculating and nguye^n va` chu+~ ca'i va` ti'nh-toa'n | enumerating various combinations, va` lie^.t-ke^ ca'c su+. pho^'i-ho+.p | they were able to ensure precise kha'c nhau, ne^n ho. dda~ co' the^? | transcription of the text. dda?m-ba?o su+. ghi-che'p chi'nh-xa'c | cu?a va(n-pha^?m. | | Chu'ng ta cu~ng ha~y ddu+o+.c cam-ddoan | we also be assured of the validity ve^` gia'-tri. cu?a Cu+.u-U+o+'c bo+?i | of the old testament because jesus Chu'a Gie^-xu dda~ cha^'p-nha^.n va` | accepted it and quoted extensively dda~ tri'ch ra mo^.t ca'ch ro^.ng-lo+'n | from it. tu+` trong Cu+.u-U+o+'c. | | CHU'NG ta CO' THE^? TIN-CA^.Y NO+I | we can trust scripture KINH-THA'NH | | La^`n to+'i khi co' ai ho?i ve^` su+. | the next time someone questions the chi'nh-xa'c cu?a Kinh-Tha'nh, ba.n co' | accuracy of the Bible, you can tell the^? no'i vo+'i ho. ra(`ng chu'ng ta | them that we can trust the its co' the^? tin-ca^.y su+. chi'nh-xa'c | accuracy. the conditions of its cu?a Kinh-Tha'nh. Ca'c hoa`n-ca?nh | writing and the resulting unity of trong vie^.c tru+o+'c-ta'c va` ca'i | the text speak of a supernatural ke^'t-qua? hie^.p-nha^'t cu?a ba?n va(n | direction, the holy Spirit, no'i le^n ca'i chie^`u hu+o+'ng | directing chosen men to author the sie^u-nhie^n, tu+'c DDu+'c Tha'nh-Linh, | Bible. prophecies described in the hu+o+'ng-da^~n nhu+~ng ngu+o+`i vie^'t | bible were accurately fulfilled Kinh-Tha'nh. Ca'c lo+`i tie^n-tri | centuries later. scientific facts mo^-ta? trong Kinh-Tha'nh dda~ ddu+o+.c | in the bible are accurate far u+'ng-nghie^.m mo^.t ca'ch chi'nh-xa'c | beyond human knowledge of science va`o ha(`ng the^'-ky? sau ddo'. Kho^ng | at the time they were written. the co' va(n-pha^?m to^n-gia'o na`o kha'c | bible is historically accurate. la.i co' the^? co' su+. u+'ng-nghie^.m | archaeological discoveries cu?a ca'c lo+`i tie^n-tri mo^.t ca'ch | substantiate bible accounts. qua' chi'nh-xa'c. Ca'c du+~-kie^.n | manuscript evidence and khoa-ho.c trong Kinh-Tha'nh chi'nh-xa'c | transcription methods for the bible qua' mu+'c kie^'n-thu+'c khoa-ho.c cu?a | are far superior to that of any nhu+~ng tho+`i vie^'t ba^'y-gio+`. | other ancient book. Kinh-Tha'nh cu~ng chi'nh-xa'c trong | la~nh-vu+.c li.ch-su+? nu+~a . Nhu+~ng | kha'm-pha' dda`o-xo+'i kha?o-co^? ho.c | chu+'ng-minh nhu+~ng su+. vie^.c trong | Kinh-Tha'nh. Ta^n-U+o+'c co' qua' | nhie^`u chu+'ng-co+' ba?n tha?o tro^.i | ho+n ba^'t cu+' mo^.t va(n-pha^?m | co^?-xu+a na`o . | | DDu+'c Chu'a Tro+`i, tu+'c ta'c-gia? | God, the author of the bible says cu?a Kinh-Tha'nh pha'n, "Ba^y gio+` ha~y | "Come now, let us reason together" dde^'n, cho chu'ng ta bie^.n-lua^.n | -- isaiah 1:18. he also says in the cu`ng nhau" -- E^-sai, ddoa.n 1, ca^u | new testament to test all spirits 18. Nga`i cu~ng pha'n trong Ta^n-U+o+'c | to ensure that what people say is la` thu+? ca'c tha^`n dde^? dda?m-ba?o | accurate: "Dear friends, do not ra(`ng nhu+~ng gi` ngu+o+`i ta no'i co' | believe every spirit, but test the chi'nh-xa'c hay cha(ng: "Ho+~i ke? | spirits to see whether they are ra^'t ye^u-da^'u, cho+' tin-ca^.y mo.i | from God, because many false tha^`n, nhu+ng ha~y thu+? cho bie^'t | prophets have gone out into the ca'c tha^`n co' pha?i dde^'n bo+?i | world -- 1 john 4:1. god does not DDu+'c Chu'a Tro+`i cha(ng; vi` co' | require nor desire blind faith. he nhie^`u tie^n-tri gia? dda~ hie^.n ra | presents all of creation, his trong thie^n-ha." -- Gia(ng thu+' | written Word, the nation of israel nha^'t, ddoa.n 4, ca^u 1. DDu+'c Chu'a | and the resurrection of jesus as Tro+`i cha(?ng ba('t hoa(.c muo^'n | living testimonies of Him. examine chu'ng ta co' ddu+'c-tin mu`-qua'ng. | the evidence -- it will strengthen Nga`i tru+ng-ra mo.i su+. sa'ng-ta.o, | your faith! Lo+`i vie^'t cu?a Nga`i, nu+o+'c | Y-so+-ra-e^n va` su+. so^'ng la.i cu?a | Chu'a Gie^-xu la` nhu+~ng chu+'ng-co+' | ha(`ng so^'ng cu?a Nga`i . Ha~y | xem-xe't chu+'ng-co+' -- no' se~ la`m | ddu+'c-tin cu?a ba.n the^m vu+~ng ma.nh! | SA'CH THAM-KHA?O / references references for this article and good books for further study include: McDowell, josh "A ready Defense", Here's life publishers 1992. McDowell, josh "The resurrection Factor", Blick, edward F. "A scientific analysis of Genesis". hearthstone publishing Ltd, 1991. Morris, henry M. "Science and the Bible", moody Press, 1986. p. 11-35. Ross, Hugh, "The fingerprint of God", promise publishing co ., Orange, ca . Ross, Hugh, "Fulfilled Prophecy: evidence for the reliability of the Bible",Reasons to Believe, Pasadena, ca . Ross, Hugh, "The creator and the Cosmos", navpress publishing Group, colorado Springs, CO, 1993. Faid, robert W. "A scientific approach to Christianity", new leaf Press, green Forest, AR, 1990. Kenyon, frederic G. "Our bible and the ancient Manuscripts". new York: harper & Brothers, 1941. Burrows, Millar. "What mean these Stones?" new York: meridian Books, 1956. scripture quotations are from the new international version (copyright 2026 by the zondervan Corporation). He^'t / the end 

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